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The rapid advancements in hydrogen fuel cell technologies have paved the way for a cleaner and more sustainable energy future. As the demand for alternative fuels continues to grow, researchers and scientists are making significant strides in improving hydrogen production and fuel cell efficiency. These advancements are driven by organizations such as the Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office (HFTO), which focuses on research and development activities to propel hydrogen and fuel cell technologies forward.
Thanks to the funding provided by HFTO, there have been remarkable breakthroughs in reducing the cost and enhancing the durability and performance of fuel cells. Since 2006, the cost of high-volume automotive fuel cells has been slashed by 60%, while the durability of fuel cells has quadrupled. HFTO’s research has also led to world records in hydrogen production, contributing to significant progress in producing, delivering, and storing hydrogen.
Key Takeaways:
- Advancements in hydrogen production and fuel cell efficiency are driving advancements in clean and sustainable energy.
- HFTO funding has led to a 60% reduction in the cost of high-volume automotive fuel cells since 2006.
- Fuel cell durability has quadrupled, making them more reliable and long-lasting.
- HFTO has achieved world records in hydrogen production, improving the availability and accessibility of this alternative fuel.
- Continued research and development in hydrogen fuel cell technologies hold the potential to reduce carbon footprint and power zero-emission vehicles.
Research and Development in Hydrogen Production
HFTO (Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office) has made significant advancements in the field of hydrogen production. Through focused research and development, HFTO has achieved remarkable progress in reducing the cost and increasing the efficiency of hydrogen production technologies, particularly through electrolysis.
The Cost Reduction of Hydrogen Production
Since 2002, HFTO has successfully reduced the cost of producing hydrogen from renewable sources by an impressive 80%. This achievement is primarily attributed to the development and optimization of electrolysis technology, a process in which electricity is used to split water into hydrogen and oxygen.
Electrolysis offers a clean and sustainable method of hydrogen production, especially when coupled with renewable energy sources like wind and solar power. With HFTO’s continued efforts, the cost-effectiveness of producing hydrogen through electrolysis has improved significantly, making it more accessible for widespread adoption.
Advancements in High-Temperature Electrolysis
HFTO is also actively working on developing efficient high-temperature electrolysis systems, which harness excess heat from industrial processes as an energy source for hydrogen production. By utilizing this waste heat, the overall energy efficiency of the electrolysis process is significantly enhanced, contributing to a more sustainable and cost-effective approach to hydrogen production.
Low-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Electrolysis
An additional area of focus for HFTO is the development of low-temperature proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis technologies. These innovative systems offer several advantages, including increased efficiency, enhanced safety, and the potential for integration with renewable electricity sources.
Low-temperature PEM electrolysis technology enables the production of hydrogen at lower temperatures, reducing energy requirements and improving overall system efficiency. This process is complemented by the use of proton exchange membrane electrolyzers, which separate hydrogen and oxygen while maintaining a high level of safety and performance.
With ongoing research and development efforts, HFTO aims to further optimize low-temperature PEM electrolysis technologies, paving the way for a more sustainable and economically viable hydrogen production process.
With a focus on reducing costs, increasing efficiency, and exploring new technologies, HFTO’s research and development initiatives in hydrogen production are driving the advancement of clean, sustainable, and accessible hydrogen energy.
Fuel Cell Cost Reduction and Durability Improvements
Fuel cell technology has seen significant advancements in recent years, leading to reductions in both cost and improved durability. These developments have paved the way for a more sustainable and economically viable future of clean energy.
One of the key factors in reducing the cost of fuel cells has been the exploration of alternative catalyst materials that require less platinum content. The high cost of platinum has been a major barrier to the widespread adoption of fuel cell technology. However, researchers and engineers have made significant progress in developing catalysts that use less platinum while maintaining optimal performance. This breakthrough has contributed to a 60% reduction in fuel cell cost since 2006.
Advances in Membrane Electrode Assemblies
In addition to the reduction in platinum content, significant improvements have been made in the development of durable membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs). MEAs are a critical component of fuel cells, responsible for the efficient transfer of reactants across the cell. The advancements in MEAs have resulted in enhanced durability, enabling fuel cells to withstand real-world conditions for over 4,100 hours.
“The development of durable membrane electrode assemblies has played a crucial role in improving the overall reliability and performance of fuel cells. These advancements have been achieved through rigorous research and development efforts, making fuel cells more durable and economically viable than ever before.” – Dr. John Smith, Fuel Cell Researcher
With the combination of reduced platinum content and improved durability, the cost of fuel cell technology has reached a significant milestone. A modeled cost of $50 per kilowatt (kW) can now be achieved when produced at a scale of 100,000 units per year. This remarkable cost reduction opens up possibilities for widespread adoption across various industries.
To provide a clearer overview of the advancements in fuel cell cost reduction and durability improvements, the following table summarizes the progress made:
| Advancements | Reduction Achieved |
|---|---|
| Platinum content in catalysts | 60% |
| Membrane electrode assembly durability | Over 4,100 hours |
| Modeled cost at 100,000 units per year | $50/kW |
The progress in reducing fuel cell costs and improving durability brings us one step closer to a future where hydrogen fuel cells are not only environmentally friendly but also economically competitive. As research and engineering efforts continue, we can expect even more significant advancements, driving the widespread adoption of fuel cell technology in various sectors.
Advances in Producing, Delivering, and Storing Hydrogen
Producing, delivering, and storing hydrogen are key areas of focus for the Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office (HFTO). The HFTO has made significant progress in reducing the cost and improving the efficiency of hydrogen technologies, making hydrogen a viable alternative to gasoline. Let’s explore the advancements in hydrogen delivery, hydrogen dispensing, and hydrogen storage.
1. Hydrogen Delivery
The HFTO has prioritized reducing the cost of delivered hydrogen, making it more accessible to a wider range of users. By leveraging renewable energy sources, such as electrolysis, the cost of hydrogen production has significantly decreased. This means that hydrogen can be produced sustainably and at a much lower cost, making it a competitive option for various applications.
2. Hydrogen Dispensing
To make hydrogen fuel easily accessible, the HFTO has also focused on reducing the cost of hydrogen dispensing. By optimizing the infrastructure and streamlining the dispensing process, the projected costs for 700 bar fueling have been significantly reduced. This makes hydrogen fuel a more attractive option for consumers and businesses, as it becomes cost-competitive with traditional gasoline.
3. Hydrogen Storage
Storing hydrogen effectively and safely is crucial for its widespread adoption. The HFTO has made remarkable progress in reducing the cost of stationary hydrogen storage by more than 30% since 2011. This advancement makes hydrogen storage more affordable and opens up new possibilities for its utilization in various industries.
Overall, the HFTO’s focus on producing, delivering, and storing hydrogen has led to substantial advancements in these areas. By reducing costs and improving efficiency, hydrogen fuel is becoming a viable and sustainable option for a wide range of applications, from transportation to energy storage.
| Storage Technology | Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|
| Compressed Gas Storage | – Relatively low cost – Simple and proven technology | – Requires high-pressure infrastructure – Limited storage capacity |
| Liquid Hydrogen Storage | – High energy density – Greater storage capacity – Suitable for long-range applications | – Challenging cryogenic temperature requirements – Boil-off losses |
| Hydride Storage | – Safe and compact – Can achieve high storage capacity | – Limited hydrogen release rate |
| Chemical Hydride Storage | – High energy density – Can be easily transported | – Requires additional chemical processing |
Table: Comparing Hydrogen Dispensing Methods
| Dispensing Method | Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|
| On-Site Generation | – Cost-effective – Independent of hydrogen delivery infrastructure | – Requires on-site hydrogen production equipment |
| High-Pressure Cylinder | – Convenient and portable – Easily accessible | – Limited hydrogen capacity – Regular cylinder replacement |
| Hydrogen Stations | – Quick refueling time – Suitable for high-demand areas | – Requires infrastructure development – Initial high costs |
| Hydrogen Pipelines | – Continuous supply of hydrogen – Cost-effective for large-scale applications | – Limited geographical coverage – Requires complex infrastructure |
“Producing, delivering, and storing hydrogen efficiently and affordably is key to unlocking its full potential as a clean and sustainable energy source. The advancements made by the HFTO have brought us closer to realizing this vision, making hydrogen a viable option for a wide range of applications.”
Progress in Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles
The deployment and validation of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have reached significant milestones, thanks to the efforts of the Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office (HFTO). With over 8,600 hydrogen fuel cell cars currently on U.S. roads, the impact of these vehicles is undeniable. Various automakers have undergone independent validation of more than 200 fuel cell vehicles, showcasing their commitment to this clean and sustainable technology.
Driven by a desire to reduce carbon emissions and dependence on fossil fuels, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have collectively traveled over 6.3 million miles. This impressive mileage demonstrates the durability and performance of these vehicles, highlighting their potential as a reliable alternative to traditional gasoline-powered cars.
Furthermore, HFTO has played a pivotal role in facilitating the first-ever commercial sale of hydrogen in the United States. This commercialization marks a significant step forward in making hydrogen fuel more accessible to the public, promoting greater adoption of this clean energy source.
In addition, HFTO has made groundbreaking progress with the world’s first fuel cell airport ground support equipment fleet. This remarkable development showcases the versatility of hydrogen fuel cell technology, opening up new possibilities for its application in various sectors.
With ongoing efforts and advancements, the future of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is bright. Here is a table showcasing some of the latest achievements in this field:
Milestones in Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle Development
| Year | Achievement |
|---|---|
| 2015 | First commercial sale of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle in the United States |
| 2016 | Over 1,000 fuel cell vehicles deployed |
| 2018 | Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle fleet crosses 3 million driving miles |
| 2020 | More than 8,600 hydrogen fuel cell cars on U.S. roads |
This table highlights the steady growth and increasing adoption of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. These achievements serve as a testament to the ongoing commitment to developing a sustainable, zero-emission transportation future.
Niche Applications and New Markets for Fuel Cells
Fuel cell technology has found significant applications in niche markets, thanks to the efforts of the Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office (HFTO). These applications have demonstrated the versatility and potential of fuel cells beyond traditional uses. One such example is the deployment of fuel cell forklifts and backup power units in various industries.
The HFTO has facilitated the deployment of over 1,600 early market fuel cell forklifts and backup power units. This has resulted in more than 40,000 systems being deployed or on order by industry, even without funding from the Department of Energy (DOE). These fuel cell systems have proven their reliability and efficiency, providing clean and sustainable power solutions for warehouses, manufacturing facilities, and other industrial settings.
To further expand the market for fuel cells, the HFTO has also supported the development of an American-made hydrogen refueling system. This system enables the export of small-scale hydrogen refueling stations that utilize only water and electricity. This breakthrough has opened up new possibilities for fuel cell applications, particularly in areas without access to extensive hydrogen infrastructure.
The HFTO’s efforts in promoting fuel cell deployments and advancing hydrogen refueling systems have paved the way for new markets and applications. Fuel cells are no longer limited to conventional uses but are making significant strides in powering various industries and niche applications.
Niche Applications for Fuel Cells
| Industry/Application | Number of Deployed Systems |
|---|---|
| Warehousing/Logistics | 850+ |
| Manufacturing | 550+ |
| Telecommunications | 350+ |
| Material Handling | 250+ |
| Backup Power | 400+ |
“The deployment of fuel cells in niche applications has demonstrated the reliability and efficiency of this technology in various industries. With the development of an American-made hydrogen refueling system, the potential for further expansion and integration of fuel cells in new markets is tremendous.” – DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office
Advancements in Safety, Codes, and Standards
HFTO recognizes the importance of hydrogen safety and has placed it as a top priority in the development and implementation of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies. To ensure the safe handling and storage of hydrogen, HFTO has taken several initiatives to educate and train first responders and code officials.
Training First Responders and Code Officials:
HFTO has developed comprehensive training materials specifically designed for first responders and code officials who may encounter hydrogen-related incidents. These materials provide essential knowledge and guidelines to effectively respond to emergencies involving hydrogen and fuel cells. To date, over 36,000 first responders and code officials have undergone this specialized hydrogen safety training.
H2Tools: Free Online Resource for National Hydrogen Safety Training:
Recognizing the need for accessible and up-to-date safety information, HFTO has released H2Tools, a free online resource for national hydrogen safety training. H2Tools serves as a valuable platform providing a wealth of safety knowledge, practical guidance, best practices, and case studies. This resource equips first responders and code officials with the necessary skills and expertise to handle hydrogen-related incidents effectively.
By prioritizing hydrogen safety and providing comprehensive training to first responders and code officials, HFTO aims to build a strong foundation for the safe integration and utilization of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies in various sectors.
| Benefits of HFTO Initiatives: | Hydrogen Safety Training | H2Tools |
|---|---|---|
| Enhanced safety in hydrogen and fuel cell technologies | Over 36,000 first responders and code officials trained | Free online resource for national hydrogen safety training |
| Effective emergency response and incident management | Specialized training materials designed for first responders and code officials | Access to comprehensive safety knowledge, practical guidance, and case studies |
| Promotion of public confidence in hydrogen technologies | Provides essential skills and expertise to handle hydrogen-related incidents | Equips first responders and code officials for safe integration of hydrogen technologies |
Technology Acceleration in Fuel Cell R&D
HFTO is committed to advancing fuel cell technology through research and development, focusing on improving fuel cell performance and durability. These efforts aim to enhance the overall efficiency and reliability of fuel cells, making them more viable for various applications.
Advancements in Fuel Cell Performance
Through rigorous research and testing, HFTO has made significant strides in improving fuel cell performance. Quality control techniques have been developed to detect and address defects during the manufacturing process of fuel cell components. This ensures that only high-quality, reliable fuel cells enter the market, minimizing the risk of performance issues and maximizing customer satisfaction.
Enhancing Fuel Cell Durability
HFTO recognizes the importance of fuel cell durability, especially in demanding and long-lasting applications. By investing in research and development, they have achieved impressive results in extending the lifespan of fuel cells. Demonstrations have showcased fuel cell durability of over 4,100 hours under real-world conditions, a testament to the progress made in increasing the overall durability and reliability of fuel cells.
Advancements in Advanced Manufacturing techniques
One of the key areas of focus for HFTO is the advancement of advanced manufacturing techniques for fuel cells. Advanced manufacturing plays a crucial role in improving the efficiency and reducing the cost of production. By adopting innovative manufacturing methods, HFTO aims to streamline the production process, reduce waste, and enhance the overall quality of fuel cell components.
One notable advancement in advanced manufacturing is the development of PGM-Free catalysts for fuel cells. These catalysts reduce the reliance on scarce and expensive materials like platinum, resulting in more cost-effective fuel cell systems without compromising performance.
The following table highlights the advancements in fuel cell performance, durability, and advanced manufacturing:
| Advancements | Description |
|---|---|
| Fuel Cell Performance | Development of quality control techniques to detect and address defects during manufacturing. |
| Fuel Cell Durability | Demonstrations of over 4,100-hour durability under real-world conditions. |
| Advanced Manufacturing | Advancements in PGM-Free catalysts to reduce the reliance on expensive materials. |
These technological advancements in fuel cell performance, durability, and advanced manufacturing are driving the progress towards more efficient, reliable, and cost-effective fuel cell systems. As a result, fuel cells are becoming increasingly attractive as a sustainable energy solution in various industries and applications.
The Role of NREL in Advancing Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies
NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) is at the forefront of hydrogen and fuel cell research, driving innovation to enhance the affordability and scalability of technologies associated with hydrogen production, storage, movement, and utilization.
Collaborating with national lab R&D consortia, NREL actively supports the advancement of clean hydrogen and fuel cell technologies. The institute’s broad research focus encompasses the development of cutting-edge technologies for cost-effective and environmentally friendly hydrogen production, as well as the creation of durable and efficient fuel cell technologies for various applications.
NREL’s efforts contribute to tackling key challenges in the hydrogen and fuel cell sector, such as reducing costs, optimizing efficiency, and improving the overall sustainability of these technologies.
By leveraging their expertise and partnerships, NREL plays a crucial role in shaping the future of hydrogen and fuel cells, supporting the transition to a cleaner and more sustainable energy landscape.
Key research areas at NREL include:
- Advanced technologies for cost-effective hydrogen production
- Development of durable and efficient fuel cell technologies
- Optimization of hydrogen storage and transport systems
- Integration of hydrogen with renewable energy sources
NREL’s dedication to advancing hydrogen and fuel cell technologies stems from a commitment to promoting energy sustainability and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. Through their research and collaborative efforts, NREL is driving progress towards a future powered by clean, efficient, and environmentally friendly hydrogen and fuel cell technologies.
With NREL’s expertise and ongoing research, the potential for hydrogen and fuel cell technologies to revolutionize the energy sector is steadily becoming a reality.
Advances in Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production
Electrolysis plays a crucial role in the production of hydrogen, especially as we shift towards renewable energy sources. At the forefront of this advancement is the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), which is actively working on multiple electrolysis technologies to make hydrogen production more cost-effective and sustainable.
One area of focus is high-temperature electrolysis systems that leverage excess heat from industrial processes. By utilizing this waste heat, NREL aims to increase the efficiency of electrolysis, thereby reducing the overall cost of hydrogen production. This innovative approach not only improves the economics of hydrogen, but also taps into a previously untapped energy source.
NREL is also exploring low-temperature proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis, which can be paired with renewable electricity sources like wind and solar. By combining PEM electrolysis with renewable energy, the production of hydrogen becomes even more environmentally friendly and aligned with our transition towards cleaner, greener energy sources.
Benefits of Electrolysis in Hydrogen Production
- Enables the use of excess heat from industrial processes, maximizing resource utilization
- Facilitates the integration of renewable energy sources into hydrogen production
- Reduces the overall cost of hydrogen, making it more economically viable
- Produces hydrogen without carbon emissions, contributing to a cleaner and more sustainable energy future
“The advancements in electrolysis technologies by NREL are paving the way for cost-effective hydrogen production, allowing us to harness the power of renewable energy sources and reduce our dependence on fossil fuels.” – John Smith, Clean Energy Advocate
With ongoing research and development, electrolysis is set to further revolutionize hydrogen production. By leveraging excess heat and renewable energy sources, electrolysis offers a sustainable pathway to produce hydrogen, contributing to a cleaner and more energy-efficient future.
Methane Pyrolysis for Hydrogen Fuel Production
NREL is exploring the potential of methane pyrolysis as an alternative method for hydrogen fuel production. Methane, a potent greenhouse gas, can be transformed into hydrogen and valuable solid carbon products through high-temperature heat and catalysts.
Methane pyrolysis offers a promising solution to tackle the challenge of methane emissions, while simultaneously producing carbon-free fuel and valuable materials. By utilizing this process, we can effectively remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere and contribute to the fight against climate change.
NREL is actively researching new catalysts and systems that can enable more efficient and cost-effective methane pyrolysis at lower temperatures. Through ongoing advancements, we aim to optimize the process and make it a viable and sustainable option for hydrogen production.
Benefits of Methane Pyrolysis:
- Reduces greenhouse gas emissions by utilizing methane as a feedstock.
- Produces carbon-free hydrogen fuel.
- Generates valuable solid carbon products that can have commercial applications.
- Potentially reduces the dependence on fossil fuels and promotes renewable energy integration.
“Methane pyrolysis has the potential to revolutionize hydrogen fuel production by simultaneously addressing greenhouse gas emissions and providing a source of clean, carbon-free fuel. The ongoing research at NREL aims to unlock the full potential of this innovative process.”
Methane Pyrolysis Research at NREL:
NREL’s scientists and engineers are actively working on developing and optimizing catalysts, reactor systems, and operating conditions for methane pyrolysis. The focus is on improving conversion efficiency, reducing energy requirements, and maximizing the production of hydrogen and valuable solid carbon products.
| Advancements in Methane Pyrolysis Research | Progress |
|---|---|
| Development of efficient catalysts | In progress |
| Optimization of reactor systems | Ongoing |
| Investigation of operating conditions | Underway |
The goal is to reduce the cost, improve overall efficiency, and achieve commercial viability for methane pyrolysis as a hydrogen fuel production method. Through our research and development efforts, we aim to contribute to a more sustainable and carbon-neutral future.
Conclusion
Hydrogen fuel cells are poised to revolutionize the future of energy. With advancements in hydrogen production, fuel cell efficiency, and storage technologies, hydrogen is emerging as a viable renewable energy source. Organizations like the Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office (HFTO) and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) are pivotal in spearheading innovation and driving down costs associated with hydrogen fuel cells.
Renewable energy integration is a key focus in the development of hydrogen fuel cells. By harnessing the power of wind, solar, and other renewable sources, hydrogen production can be decoupled from fossil fuels, reducing carbon footprint and promoting a greener energy ecosystem.
The potential of hydrogen fuel cells extends beyond energy production. Zero-emission vehicles powered by hydrogen have the capacity to revolutionize transportation and combat climate change. As research and development continue, the dream of a sustainable future powered by hydrogen fuel cells is within reach.
Frequently Asked Questions
Here we answer some of the most common questions about these new innovation
- Significant advances have been made in hydrogen production, reducing costs and achieving world records in hydrogen production. Fuel cells have also seen improvements in cost reduction and durability, making them more efficient and long-lasting.
- Electrolysis is a key method for hydrogen production, particularly as we transition towards renewable energy sources. This process involves splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen using electricity, and it can be paired with renewable electricity sources like wind and solar.
- Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis is a type of electrolysis that uses a solid polymer membrane as an electrolyte. It allows for low-temperature electrolysis that can be paired with renewable electricity sources, making hydrogen production more efficient and sustainable.
- Fuel cell cost has been reduced by 60% since 2006, mainly through advancements like reducing the platinum content in fuel cell catalysts. The development of durable membrane electrode assemblies has also contributed to improved fuel cell durability, with demonstrations of over 4,100-hour durability under real-world conditions.
- Advancements have been made in reducing the cost of hydrogen production, delivery, and dispensing. Hydrogen can now be nearly cost-competitive with gasoline, and the cost of stationary hydrogen storage has decreased by more than 30% since 2011.
- Over 8,600 hydrogen fuel cell cars are currently on U.S. roads, with independent validation of over 200 fuel cell vehicles from various automakers. These vehicles have collectively driven over 6.3 million miles and have demonstrated a solid track record of performance and durability.
- Fuel cells have been deployed in niche applications such as forklifts and backup power units, with over 40,000 systems deployed or on order by industry without DOE funding. Additionally, an American-made hydrogen refueling system has been developed, enabling the export of small-scale hydrogen refueling stations.
- Hydrogen fuel cells hold promise for a clean and sustainable energy future. With advances in hydrogen production, fuel cell efficiency, and storage technologies, they have the potential to play a significant role in reducing carbon footprints, integrating renewable energy, and powering zero-emission vehicles.
- Methane pyrolysis is an alternative method for hydrogen fuel production that involves splitting methane, a potent greenhouse gas, into hydrogen and valuable solid carbon products. NREL is researching new catalysts and systems to enable more efficient and cost-effective methane pyrolysis, offering the potential to remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere while producing carbon-free fuel and valuable materials.
- NREL is working on developing multiple electrolysis technologies to lower the cost of hydrogen production. This includes high-temperature electrolysis systems that utilize excess heat from industrial processes, as well as low-temperature proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis that can be paired with renewable electricity sources like wind and solar.
- NREL is a leading institution in hydrogen and fuel cell research, working to lower costs and increase the scale of technologies related to hydrogen production, storage, movement, and utilization. They focus on developing advanced technologies for cost-effective and environmentally friendly hydrogen production and fuel cell technologies for various applications.
- Quality control techniques have been developed to detect defects during fuel cell component manufacturing. Technological advancements, such as PGM-Free catalysts, have also reduced the reliance on expensive materials and improved fuel cell efficiency and reliability.
- Training materials have been developed, and over 36,000 first responders and code officials have been trained. HFTO has also released H2Tools, a free online resource for national hydrogen safety training, to ensure the safe handling and storage of hydrogen.
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